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银根紧缩己危害到实体经济
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帖子发起人: 火花姓名   发起时间: 2008-01-31 10:51   回复数: 1

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  2008-01-31, 10:51 1 楼 
火花 离线,最后访问时间: 2008-9-4 16:56:17 火花


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银根紧缩己危害到实体经济

 


温州民间借贷利率逼近历史最高位 地下钱庄暗火


来源:钱江晚报 发布日期:2008-01-29 13:11:09
 
  中新浙江网1月29日电 “民间借贷不阳光,可是能救急啊。”


  一位加工火腿的小老板告诉记者,几个月前他的银行贷款到期,凑钱还清了贷款。眼前急需用钱,却发现很难再获得足额贷款。


  “我收了一冬天的火腿,流动资金已经见底,年关要给工人发工钱,银行却说只能贷给原来的一半。”他选择了民间借贷,需要支付一分多利的月息,远远高于银行商业贷款利息。


  日前,有消息说,温州人行的最新监测数据显示,去年12月温州民间借贷月利率为11.096%。,逼近2005年1月12.112%。的历史最高位。据记者了解,一分利月息在目前的浙江市场上是非常“善良”的,宁波、温州一些地区,有些民间借贷已达到二分利、三分利。甚至有企业主告诉记者,“最高的有七八分利,那已经是非法的高利贷了”。


  2008年年初,由于原材料上涨、银行贷款收缩、汇率变化等原因,浙江企业特别是中小企业手头特别紧。年关将近,工人们高高兴兴盼着大红包,企业主却为工钱和来年的流动资金发愁,各想各的门路。


  着急:缺钱!缺钱!


  工钱发不出,老板“隐身”


  1月15日,温州米哥食品有限公司17家门市店及2家加盟店全部关门歇业,老板不知所踪。170多名员工的工资和多家原材料供应商的货款被拖欠。


  温州市劳动和社会保障局、鹿城区人事和劳动局、仰义乡政府等有关部门,紧急筹措80余万元资金,给“米哥”员工发放工资。


  1月24日,“米哥”老板白创仁终于现身。原来,因为经营、管理方面的原因,以及去年年初以来的原材料涨价,“米哥”资金流出现问题,已经拖欠工人两个月工资,工人不满,引发歇业事件。白创仁担心人身安全,情急之下就“隐身”了。


  从“隐身”到重现,白老板经过了一番痛苦的思想斗争。他首先面临的难题是要还清政府垫付的80多万工资款。


  每到年底,总有老板因资金困难而逃遁,最后苦的是工人。而温州一些企业主担心,今年的情况可能比往年严重一些,因为“小企业抗风险能力差,由于物价上涨等原因,许多小企业今年盈利微薄”。


  美元跌了,钱蒸发了


  顾老板是宁波一家外贸玩具公司的总经理。他的企业不大,但是前两年外贸形势好,每年都有几十万元利润。可今年,他遇到了很多问题。


  年底,老客户按时结了货款,顾先生发现,他得到的几十万美元款子,因为人民币升值,购买力已经不如从前。也就是说,一部分钱凭空“蒸发”了,他损失了10多万元人民币,这让他大伤元气。


  去年做外贸的企业,受到汇率风险影响的为数不少。据浙江省外经贸厅统计,浙江省2007年累计进出口额1768.3亿美元,出口1282.9亿美元,进口485.4亿美元。若按照留存20%的比例计算,约有价值2000亿人民币的外汇面临较大的汇率风险。


  银行贷款难,周转不灵了


  徐老板在东阳经营一家火腿厂,现在正是销售旺季,本该喜笑颜开的他却高兴不起来。因为从原料收购到制作成火腿出售有个时间差。往年,他都靠抵押房产,从银行贷一大笔钱作为周转。去年入冬以来,他仓库里已经收了不少今年加工所需原料,但他的钱却就此卡壳:“今年申请贷款,额度不到原来的一半,银根缩紧了。每年都靠贷款撑起局面,一部分来自银行,一部分是民间借贷。”


  今年,他无奈地选择了民间借贷,成本比银行贷款高出不少。他2008年的收益,眼见着也要缩水。


  “其实从去年下半年起,银根就缩紧了。”当地一位银行界人士告诉记者:“贷款少了,门槛提高了。比如,根据按季控制的要求,今年一季度只能投放全年增量的35%。而往年至少在50%以上。”


  想招:他救。自救。


  担保公司有苦有乐


  手头紧的老板多了,担保公司可俏了:企业要跟银行贷款,找担保公司是一条门路。但是,担保公司真正做成的业务也并不多。


  温州人虞林海在浙江温州、四川成都都经营着担保业务。他告诉记者,从2007年9月起,要从温州的银行贷到款,非常难。


  温州人瑞担保有限公司总经理黄显忠也透露,“在我们这里要求短期垫资的企业排着队,1月份比去年同期增加了两三倍,但我们目前做成的很少,资金非常紧缺。”


  企业协会到处斡旋


  这段时间,温州中小企业促进会会长周德文比以前任何时候都吃香——促进会在当地有着良好的信誉和社会关系,让促进会作担保,贷款相对容易些。


  “这几天我们就忙着在各家银行游说,用协会的信誉担保。同时,我们也根据自己对企业的了解,帮助银行避免放贷风险。”


  促进会的努力收到了一些成果:他们帮包括政鑫贸易有限公司在内的10多家温州中小企业,解决了贷款问题。


  地下钱庄暗暗地火


  银行贷不出款,无奈的企业只好转向处在半阳光甚至阴暗地带的“地下钱庄”。


  “地下钱庄”的钱也不是随便可以借的,需要企业有一定规模,或者过硬的担保人。记者认识的一位企业家就抱怨:已经有十来家小公司找上门来,请他介绍钱庄或者作担保。“我不敢给人家担保,这种钱利息太高,风险太大。”


  据记者打听,近期民间月息普遍已达到2~3分,1~1.2分的算“很客气”了。少数地方甚至出现了违法的高利贷。


  转向这样的借贷实属无奈,危险系数也比较高。据某政法系统工作人员透露,最近数月间,民间借贷引发的案子接连不断,仅乐清这个县级市就达到了20余起,牵涉借贷金额10亿元左右。


  调整步伐,缩小胃口


  大企业虽然也存在资金缺乏的情况,但他们的自救能力稍强些。一家“隐型冠军”企业的老总告诉记者,他们原打算2008年年初收购省外一家同类型企业,进一步扩大自身实力,但这个计划因为资金问题作罢。


  “原来可以向银行贷些款,自己再凑一些,但现在求稳才是最重要的。”


  他告诉记者,自己一些房地产公司的老总朋友,也都在作类似调整。“宏观政策不一样,企业的步调要随之改变,不能去冒风险。”


  观察:区域性资本市场可否试行?


  企业主、员工、政府官员都在关注:2008年春节的这道坎,能否迈得过去?要走过难关需要资金,资金从哪里来?浙江省内民间资本丰厚,是否可以有机构规范操作,把这些钱引流到最需要的地方?


  在政府界、企业界,许多人都在思考着这些问题。温州中小企业促进会会长周德文的建议是,试行区域性资本市场。他还在今年两会上递交了相关建议。


  “温州号称有6000亿民间资金,如果地方政府可以通过发行债券来募集资金,或者企业集团具备一定资质后可以向社会募资——理论上,许多企业融资问题、政府基础设施建设问题都可以得到解决。”周德文说,这只是非常初步的想法。“首先得是国家金融改革能给这样的政策,有了政策以后怎么协调规范,还需要很多探索。所以,这可能还是比较远的一件事情。”


  不管怎么说,建立多层次资本市场,是解决企业融资难题的重要手段。


  作者:钟慧丽


 


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  2010-06-11, 22:42 2 楼 
dgdsfsdf 离线,最后访问时间: 2010-6-11 22:46:26 dgdsfsdf


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Re: 银根紧缩己危害到实体经济
Drying equipment is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, agriculture, forestry native products, food, light industry and other fields. China drying equipment industry from the formation, development to gradually mature course has gone through more than 20 years. After 20 years of development, the drying equipment industry in China has formed a certain number of enterprises and production scale. In terms of geographical distribution, the eastern region more than the production enterprises, small businesses in central and western regions; especially Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai to be more focused enterprise, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province alone, drying equipment manufacturers up to 50 or more. The current domestic market needs of the conventional drying equipment, as well as major international drying equipment needs, our basic can own making, which indicates that China drying equipment imported Wei Zhu's history was over. But there are still some problems and hidden.
Problems
Drying equipment, according to China General Machinery Industry Association, in the coming years, China's chemical industry, drying equipment demand will reach 3000 units (sets) around; pharmaceutical drying annual demand will reach 3,000 units (sets) around; agriculture, forestry, food and light industry use of drying equipment expected to reach 5,000 annual demand (sets) or so. At present, China drying equipment in the domestic market share reached 80%. Expected to "15" period, domestic drying machine in the domestic market share will reach 90%. Outstanding performance of the existing problems at present for the regional focus and technical innovation is not strong in two ways.
Enterprises concentrated distribution
China drying equipment industry, most manufacturers in the industry is gradually on the basis of the early companies derived, the relative concentration of geographic location, personnel structure has serious flaws. So far, companies are mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Liaoning, black, these regions have accounted for food dryer almost 50% of the total number of the whole industry, but in sharp contrast, some parts of our country there are no drying equipment manufacturers. Competitive industry, some companies focus on immediate, the lack of system development ideas to improve the overall quality of the slow, seriously hampering the normal development of the industry.
Technology development capability is not strong
Reform and opening up, especially in recent years, China's economic growth potential has been effectively released, the formation of supply and demand shortage economy has been a fundamental change in the initial formation of a buyer's market. The pressure in the buyer's market, some companies are chasing the market, not to find and develop new markets, enterprises focus on more recent market demand has mature drying oven products. Therefore, in the oven, fluidized bed, the appraisal of products, manufacturers are more concentrated, competition is fierce. Drying equipment industry in the development of small enterprises, new products, improve and launch new products mainly by imitating each other.

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